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The Simple Universe
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The Simple Universe atom
Sections
The 'neutral' particle electric fields
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Subatomic particles
The Simple Universe model uses a strand shaped particle as its elementary particle
The strand shaped particle is a three dimensional particle that has a shape, a size, and a surface
The particle moves at a continuous constant speed in three dimensional space against a static universal reference frame, and at any one moment in time, the particle has a specific position in the three dimensional space
The strand particles interact with each other by contact at their surfaces, tending to stick to one another when they touch, and while in contact, influencing each other's direction of travel
The strand particles can be curled into a left-handed form and a right-handed form
And these two forms are used to construct the model's subatomic particles, and apart from the particle of light, this gives each subatomic particle two forms, a left-handed form and a right-handed form
The neutrino is a single left-handed or a single right-handed helix particle, light is a right-handed and a left-handed helix particle joined side-by-side, the electron is a right-handed torus particle, and the positron is a left-handed torus particle
In addition, the model has a 'neutral' particle that consists of a left-handed torus particle moving inside a right-handed torus particle, or vice-versa
In the Simple Universe model, the proton is a positron sandwiched between two of the 'neutral' particles
And the neutron is a proton with an electron embedded into the side of the proton
The following animation shows the shapes and structures of the subatomic particles - the button steps through the particles
The
button start / stops the animation
(any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)
The Subatomic Particles
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Electric charge and fields
In the Simple Universe model, the constant speed of the head of the strand particle is greater than the constant speed of its tail
This causes each strand particle to continuously extend itself, with the head of the strand particle eventually breaking free, leaving the strand particle with a new head that repeats the process
This leads to a stream of particles that exit from the front of a helix shaped subatomic particle, or from gaps on the surface of a torus shaped subatomic particle
These particles are the electric field particles
Please note, the animations do not show the electric field particles exiting from the subatomic particles
Each electric field particle has a helical shape that has the same handiness as its parent subatomic particle itself
As a suggestion, the left-handed subatomic particles are particles with 'positive' electric charge, and they produce left-handed 'positive' electric field particles
And the right-handed subatomic particles are particles with 'negative' electric charge, and they produce right-handed 'negative' electric field particles
Since the 'neutral' particle is a left-handed torus moving inside a right-handed torus, or vice versa, the 'neutral' particle has both 'positive' and 'negative' electric charge
In effect, all the particles are pieces of electric charge, including the 'neutral' particle, which is two equal pieces of 'positive' and 'negative' electric charge
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Attraction and repulsion
With the strand particles moving at a constant speed, for a torus shaped particle of matter to move forwards
The perfectly round torus shape of the particle of matter has to distort
When a helix shaped electric field particle touches the surface of a torus shaped particle of matter
The two touching surfaces are either in some way moving in the same direction, or in some way moving in opposite directions
This causes the touched surface of the particle of matter to either stretch out or compress up
Causing the particle of matter to deform its torus shape, altering the balance of the particle of matter's internal movement
And the particle of matter moves
The direction in which the particle of matter moves
Depends on whether the particle of matter has the same or opposite handiness to the handiness of the electric field particle
A negative / negative interaction, or a positive / positive interaction
Causes the internal movement of the torus shaped particle, to bunch up on the side that is moving away from the source of the electric field particles
And the torus shaped particle as a whole moves away from the source of the electric field particles
Whereas a negative / positive interaction
Causes the internal movement of the torus shaped particle, to bunch up on the side that is moving towards the source of the electric field particles
And the torus shaped particle as a whole moves towards the source of the electric field particles
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The 'neutral' particle electric fields
In the model, the 'neutral' particle is a left-handed torus moving inside a right-handed torus, or vice versa
This gives the 'neutral' particle both 'positive' and 'negative' electric charge
The positive and negative electric field particles emitted by the 'neutral' particle, have a long length to their helical shape
Whereas the electric field particles emitted by the electron, or the positron that is inside a proton, have a short length to their helical shape
Having two lengths of electric field particles makes no difference for their interactions with the particles of matter
But for light, it gives light a different behaviour in the two types of electric fields
The short electric field particles from the electron, and the positron that is inside a proton, are not able to change the path of light
But the long electric field particles from the 'neutral' particle can change the path of light, by wrapping themselves around a particle of light, causing the particle of light to arc along its body and change direction
When a long electric field particle wraps around a particle of light, one side of the particle of light is stretched and the other side of the light is compressed
Causing the particle of light to arc along its body and change direction
When a long electric field particle is at right angles to a particle of light
The long electric field particle is not able to alter the direction of the particle of light
The following animation shows the model's electron, positron, 'neutral' particle, neutrino and particle of light interacting with the short and long electric field particles - the button steps through the interactions, and the 01 input box lists the interactions for direct selection
The
button start / stops the animation
(any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)
Electric Fields
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Matter particle size
All the particles in the Simple Universe model have electric fields, including the 'neutral' particle, as it consists of equal amounts of 'positive' and 'negative' electric charge
It is the escaping electric field particles from the torus shaped particles of matter - i.e. the electron, positron and 'neutral' particle - that causes the particles of matter to form to a fixed size
A particle of matter is formed when a long helix particle is bent around into a closed torus loop
Being a closed torus, the continuously generated electric field particles start to build up inside the torus, until eventually escaping by forcing open a gap on the surface of the torus
As a suggestion, when the electric field particles escape, they drag some of the strand particles with them from the torus
As a suggestion, this continues until the torus reaches a minimum number of strand particles, where the now lesser density of the electric field particles are no longer able to drag any more strand particles from the torus
When this point is reached, the electric field particles escape from the torus particle of matter in repeating pulses, but without further reducing the number of the strand particles in the torus
The above process results in the electron, positron and 'neutral' particle forming to a set number of strand particles, and therefore to a set mass
In the case of the 'neutral' particle, the overlapping pair of toruses cause the size of the 'neutral' particle to be greater than the size of the electron or positron
This gives the 'neutral' particle a greater mass than that of the electron or positron
When the double torus 'neutral' particle of matter is formed from helixes of different lengths, the longer helix, once it is bent around into the closed torus shape, is stripped of its strand particles first
This continues until its length matches the shorter helix, at which point, the strand particles are then stripped equally from both helixes, both helixes now being in the closed torus shape
This results in the 'neutral' particle of matter forming with its left and right handed toruses always being equal
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Mass
In the Simple Universe model, everything is constructed from the elementary strand shaped particle
A particle that continuously moves at a constant speed against a universal reference frame, in three dimensional space
The particles of matter are torus shaped particles
And their natural state is to be stationary with respect to the model's universal reference frame
With the strand particles in a particle of matter moving at a constant speed, for a torus shaped particle of matter to move forwards
The internal strand particles of the particle of matter, have to bunch up on one side or other, distorting the particle's perfectly round torus shape
The following animation shows an electron and a proton changing shape when the particles move - the button starts the particles moving forwards
The
button start / stops the animation
(any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)
Moving The Matter Particles
However, the strand particles inside a particle of matter stick together and continuously pull a distorted particle of matter back into its perfectly round torus shape
This gives particles of matter in the model a persistent resistance to being moved, with respect to the model's universal reference frame
In the model, the particles of matter have the quality of persistent inertia, they have the quality of mass
But the particles of matter do not have the quality of momentum
The neutrino and particle of light are helix shaped particles
And the continuous constant speed of the strand particle gives the neutrino and particle of light a persistent forward movement
In the model, the neutrino and particle of light have the quality of persistent momentum
For a particle of matter to gain persistent momentum
The particle of matter has to be pushed along by an attached particle of light
The following animation shows particles of light in the model attaching themselves to an electron and an electron pair, and pushing the electrons along
The
button start / stops the animation
(any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)
Matter And Light
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The Simple Universe atom
In the Simple Universe model, the atom consists of a positively charged atomic nucleus surrounded by negatively charged orbiting electrons
In the Simple Universe model, an electron orbiting the nucleus of an atom, is pushed around the nucleus by a particle of light that is attached to the orbiting electron
The positive and negative 'neutral' particle electric field particles, which are emitted by the 'neutral' particles that are in the protons and neutrons of the nucleus
Are long in length, and are able to wrap around the particle of light that is attached to the orbiting electron, and change the direction of the attached particle of light
Whereas the electric field particles emitted by an electron, or the positron that is inside a proton
Are short in length, and are not able to wrap around a particle of light, and are not able to change the direction of a particle of light
In the model, the positive and negative electric field particles that come from the two 'neutral' particles that are in the proton, are in the order of 450 times greater than the overall naked positive charge that comes from the positron in the proton
This causes the positive and negative 'neutral' particle electric fields, to dominate the behaviour of the particle of light that is attached to the orbiting electron
When the orbiting electron and its attached particle of light are moving towards the nucleus, or away from the nucleus
The positive and negative 'neutral' particle electric fields, change the direction of the particle of light that is pushing the orbiting electron along, into a different direction to the direction that the particle of light is currently on
But the positive and negative 'neutral' particle electric fields are not able to change the direction of the attached particle of light
When the particle of light is moving at right angles to the electric fields
This leads to the particle of light that is attached to the orbiting electron, being directed onto a tangential path around the nucleus
The orbiting electron becomes directed into a potential well that sits at a distance from the nucleus, with the inner repulsive part of the potential well rapidly increasing when the electron nears the nucleus
The orbiting electron does not radiate its attached particle of light, because it is the attached particle of light itself, that is being directed around the nucleus
The above is an example of an atom that exists without quantum mechanics
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