A Physics Model

From First Principles

That Includes Gravity

A Mechanism for Gravity

This is a physics model that begins with a mechanism for gravity, and then continues by building the model around that mechanism

The model contains suggestions for gravity, mass, electric charge, electric fields, and how to model the atom with particles

The reason for starting with gravity, is that there might be only a few mechanisms that can produce gravity*

If that is the case, then there is a chance that the model's chosen mechanism for gravity, could perhaps be the actual mechanism

Chirality is when an object has a left-handed form that is spatially different to its right-handed form

Such as our left and right hands

By custom, we shake hands with our right hands

Although the handshake would work just as well, if we were to use our left hands

image of a handshake with a right hand and a left hand

However, a handshake where one person uses their left hand and the other uses their right hand

Is not the same kind of handshake

If the mechanism of electric charge were to be chiral in nature

Then the above suggests that the electric charge attractive force might not equal the electric charge repulsive force

A group of chiral electrical particles that are overall electrically neutral

Might have an overall attraction towards each other

Or might have an overall repulsion away from each other

Another example of chirality is the helix

image of two left handed helixes, two right handed helixes, and one left handed and one right handed helix

A left-handed helix

Is spatially different to a right-handed helix

The following animation shows how left-handed and right-handed helix structures, have a slightly better contact, than the contact of left-handed and left-handed helix structures, and the contact of right-handed and right-handed helix structures, the Tighten button shows the small difference between the interactions, when the helix structures are tightly wound, the Run button start / stops the animation (any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)

Gravity

In the model, all the particles have an underlying helix structure - they are all chiral particles

It is the chiral nature of the particles, that gives rise to gravity in the model

Link to the model's detailed discussion on gravity

The Model's Four Base Particles

The model's four base particles are constructed using the model's elementary particle

A strand shaped particle that moves continuously at a single constant speed, through three dimensional space

The model's four base particles are

The neutrino, electron, positron, 'neutral' particle

The following animation shows a simple sequence of the elementary strand shaped particle, tagged one behind the other, building the model's four base particles - the neutrino, electron, positron, 'neutral' particle; the Particles button steps through the process, the Run button start / stops the animation (any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)

Building The Four Base Particles

The Model's Subatomic Particles

Instead of constructing the proton as two up quarks and one down quark, the proton is constructed as a positron sandwiched between two 'neutral' particles

And the neutron is constructed as a proton with an electron embedded into the side of the proton

This construction gives the proton an electric charge that is equal but opposite to the electron's electric charge

And gives the neutron equal amounts of positive and negative electric charge

The following animation shows the shapes and structures of the model's subatomic particles, the Particles button steps through the particles, the Run button start / stops the animation (any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)

The Subatomic Particles

Explaining the Model with Words and Pictures

One way to explain how something works

Is to use words and pictures

Words and three dimensional pictures are used to explain how the model works

For example, how an electric field in the model makes an electron move

The following animation shows the model's electron, positron, 'neutral' particle, neutrino and particle of light, interacting with the short and long electric field particles, the Interaction button steps through the interactions, the 01 input box lists the interactions for direct selection, the Run button start / stops the animation (any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)

Electric Fields

The Model is Based on Particles

Particles are used to model the atom

The same particles are used to model the double-slit experiment, the variation in the reflection of light, and the Stern-Gerlach experiment

In the model, atomic nuclei are built by using the electron that is embedded in the side of the neutron

To also embed into the side of a proton, joining the proton and neutron together

In the model, atomic nuclei have a flat structure

an image of an example atomic nucleus in the model

The protons and neutrons in the atomic nuclei, are held together by the 'neutral' particles in the protons and neutrons

Touching with the same edge spin

Using words and three dimensional pictures to model atomic nuclei

The following is an interactive animation, that lets you build the atomic nuclei, from hydrogen through to iron in the model, the Next button steps through prepared atomic nuclei configurations, the Element Filter input box lists the prepared atomic nuclei configurations for direct selection, the Run button start / stops the animation (any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)

Atomic Nuclei Builder

The following animation shows protons and neutrons, in the model, bonding together to form the atomic nuclei of hydrogen through to carbon, with decay sequences included for the unstable isotopes, the Run button start / stops the animation (any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)

Atomic Nuclei