▲
The Simple Universe
Introduction
The Simple Universe model is an atomic model that takes a different approach to that of modern physics
Instead of treating each subatomic particle as being elementary, the subatomic particles are considered to be compound particles, built up using a strand shaped particle
By considering the subatomic particles in this way, a version of physics is produced that does not use quantum physics
Sections
• The subatomic particles • Electric fields • Mass • Gravity • Atomic nuclei • Next steps • New ideas in physics
The Simple Universe
The subatomic particles
The Simple Universe model is based on the subatomic particles having a shape, a size and a structure
The following animation shows the shapes and structures of the subatomic particles in the model - the button steps through the particles
The
button start / stops the animation
(any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)
The model's subatomic particles
The subatomic particles are constructed using the model's elementary particle, a strand shaped particle that continuously moves at a constant speed against a universal reference frame, in three dimensional space
The elementary strand shaped particle has one interaction, when it touches another strand shaped particle, the two tend to stick to each other
With that interaction, the strand shaped particle builds the model's four base particles - the neutrino, electron, positron, 'neutral' particle - and these are then used to build the photon, proton, neutron, and then on to the atomic nuclei and atoms
In the model, a proton is a positron sandwiched between two of the 'neutral' particles
And a neutron is a proton with an electron embedded into the side of the proton
In the model, every particle has a shape and a structure, and that shape and structure is important as to how the particle interacts with the other particles
The following animation shows a simplified sequence of the elementary strand particle, tagged one behind the other, building the four base particles, the neutrino, positron, electron, 'neutral' particle - the button steps through the process
The
button start / stops the animation
(any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)
Building The Four Base Particles
Return to top
The Simple Universe
Electric fields
In the model, the constant speed of the head of the elementary strand shaped particle is greater than the constant speed of its tail
This causes each strand shaped particle to continuously extend itself, with the head of the strand shaped particle eventually breaking free, leaving the strand shaped particle with a new head that repeats the process
This leads to a stream of particles that exit from the front of a helix shaped subatomic particle, or from gaps on the surface of a torus shaped subatomic particle
These particles are the electric field particles
Note, the animations do not show the electric field particles exiting from the subatomic particles
Each electric field particle has a helical shape that has the same handiness as its parent subatomic particle itself
In the model, the left-handed subatomic particles are particles with 'positive' electric charge, and they produce left-handed 'positive' electric field particles
And the right-handed subatomic particles are particles with 'negative' electric charge, and they produce right-handed 'negative' electric field particles
Since the 'neutral' particle is a left-handed torus moving inside a right-handed torus, or vice versa, the 'neutral' particle has both 'positive' and 'negative' electric charge
In effect, all the particles are pieces of electric charge, including the 'neutral' particle, which is two equal pieces of 'positive' and 'negative' electric charge
The electric field particles emitted by the 'neutral' particle have a long length to their helical shape
This long length enables them to wrap around a particle of light, stretching out one side of the particle of light and compressing up its other side, causing the particle of light to arc along its body and change direction
Whereas the electric field particles emitted by an electron or a positron have a short length to their helical shape, and this short length prevents them from wrapping around a particle of light
The electric field particles from an electron, and the electric field particles from the positron that is inside a proton, do not change the direction of a particle of light
The following animation shows the model's electron, positron, 'neutral' particle, neutrino and particle of light interacting with the short and long electric field particles - the button steps through the interactions, and the 01 input box lists the interactions for direct selection
The
button start / stops the animation
(any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)
Electric Fields
Return to top
The Simple Universe
Mass
In the model, everything is constructed from the elementary strand shaped particle, a particle that continuously moves at a constant speed against a universal reference frame, in three dimensional space
The neutrino and particle of light are helix shaped particles, and the continuous constant speed of the strand particle gives them a persistent forward movement
In the model, the neutrino and particle of light have the quality of persistent momentum
The particles of matter are torus shaped particles, and their natural state is to be stationary with respect to the model's universal reference frame
For a torus shaped particle of matter to move forwards, the particle of matter's perfectly round torus shape has to distort
However, the strand particles inside a particle of matter stick together and continuously pull a distorted particle of matter back into its perfectly round torus shape
This gives a particle of matter a persistent resistance to being moved, with respect to the model's universal reference frame
In the model, the particles of matter have the quality of persistent inertia, they have the quality of mass, but they do not have the quality of momentum
For a particle of matter in the model to gain persistent momentum, the particle of matter has to be pushed along by an attached particle of light
The following animation shows particles of light in the model attaching themselves to an electron and an electron pair, and pushing the electrons along
The
button start / stops the animation
(any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)
Matter And Light
Return to top
The Simple Universe
Gravity
Chirality is when an object has a left-handed form that is spatially different to its right-handed form, such as our left and right hands
We shake hands with our rights hands,
although the handshake would work just as well if we were to use our left hands,
for these two handshakes are equivalent to each other
However, a handshake where one person uses their left hand and the other uses their right hand is a different handshake, and it is not equivalent to the other two handshakes
If the mechanism of electric charge were to be chiral in nature, then the above suggests that the electric charge attractive force might not equal the electric charge repulsive force
A group of chiral electrical particles that are overall electrically neutral, might have an overall attraction towards each other, or might have an overall repulsion away from each other
Another example of chirality is the helix shape
In the model, all the subatomic particles have an underlying helical structure
The left and right forms of the torus shaped particles of matter, gives the particles of matter the quality of 'positive' and 'negative' electric charge
The behaviour of attraction and repulsion comes from the left and right forms of the torus shaped particles of matter, interacting with the left and right forms of the model's helical shaped electric field particles
In the model, a 'positive' particle of matter interacts with a 'negative' electric field particle, a little bit stronger than when it interacts with a 'positive' electric field particle
And a 'negative' particle of matter interacts with a 'positive' electric field particle, a little bit stronger than when it interacts with a 'negative' electric field particle
This results in the model having a small overall attractive force between atoms, a consequence that is similar to gravity
The following animation shows how left-handed and right-handed helix structures have a slightly better contact, than the contact of left-handed and left-handed helix structures, and the contact of right-handed and right-handed helix structures - the button shows the small difference between the interactions, when the helical structures are tightly wound
The
button start / stops the animation
(any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)
Gravity
Return to top
The Simple Universe
Atomic nuclei
In the model, the atomic nuclei are constructed using the electron that is embedded in the side of the neutron, to also embed into the side of a proton, joining the proton and neutron together
As a suggestion, adjacent 'neutral' particles in a nucleus have the same edge spin and their touching edges hold the protons and neutrons together, while the embedded electrons align the protons and neutrons together into a horizontal grid
In the model, atomic nuclei have a flat shape
Which is different to the round shape that is normally used to depict an atomic nucleus (image produced by Wikipedia user Marekich)
Interactive animation
The following is an interactive animation that lets you build the atomic nuclei from hydrogen through to iron in the model - the button steps through prepared atomic nuclei configurations, and the Filter input box lists the prepared atomic nuclei configurations for direct selection
The
button start / stops the animation
(any of the buttons can be used in pause mode)
Atomic Nuclei Builder
The atomic nuclei stability and decay suggested by the model, have a correlation with experimental atomic nuclei stability and decay
This is noteworthy, as the model is built from scratch, and the construction of the atomic nuclei in the model are many steps away from the starting strand shaped particle
Plot of experimental atomic nuclei stability and decay
(image produced by Wikimedia user
Sjlegg)
For reference, here is a computer visualisation of the quantum gluon field that, in the Standard model of particle physics, binds protons and neutrons together in an atomic nucleus
Visualisation of the quantum gluon field
Image produced by James Biddle, Josh Charvetto, Waseem Kamleh, Derek Leinweber, Helen Piercy, Ethan Puckridge, Finn Stokes, Ross D. Young, James Zanott, in their scientific paper (2019) Publicising Lattice Field Theory Through Visualisation
Return to top
The Simple Universe
Next steps
In general, theories in physics have a mathematical form
The suggested mathematical form of the Simple Universe model is a physics engine that models the behaviour of a strand shaped particle
In the model, the strand shaped particle moves continuously at a constant speed against a universal reference frame in three dimensional space, and interacts by touch at its surface
When a strand shaped particle encounters another strand shaped particle, the two particles tend to stick together, and while in contact, they influence each other's direction of travel
The physics of the strand shaped particle suggests that it may be possible to model the atom without using quantum mechanics
In addition, the physics of the strand shaped particle also suggests that it may be possible to model the double-slit experiment, the variation in the reflection of light from glass, and the Stern-Gerlach experiment, without using quantum mechanics
The model also includes a version of gravity
One of the goals of modern physics is to find a quantum version of gravity that fits in with quantum physics
But the Simple Universe model appears to have found the opposite, an ordinary version of physics that contains an ordinary version of gravity
In the Simple Universe model, there is nothing special about the speed of light, and as such, particles of light experience events just as any other particle experiences events
Nor is there anything special about faster than light travel, for that is how the elementary strand shaped particle moves, and as a consequence for example, the surface of the electron has a constant movement that is faster than the speed of light
Perhaps one way to think of movement in the model, is that everything in the atomic world moves at a reasonable, steady pace, and it is us who are very large, and it is us who do things very, very slowly
Modern physics models the behaviour of the subatomic particles, but without saying much about the why or the how
Whereas the Simple Universe model starts with the why and the how, but the philosophy of the Simple Universe model is different to that of modern physics
If you would like to help publicise the Simple Universe model for discussion, please feel free to inform other people about the model
Thank you
Return to top
The Simple Universe
New ideas in physics
For reference, here is a YouTube video of Richard Feynman discussing how a new idea in physics may have a different philosophy to the current physics
The clip is taken from the "Seeking New Laws" lecture, part of a group of lectures titled "The Character of Physical Law", given by Richard Feynman at Cornell University in 1964
Lecture: Seeking New Laws (extract 42:56 to 48:23)
0 minutes : two competing theories use different calculations, but produce the same consequences
1 minutes : however, when considering a philosophical idea, the two competing theories are not equivalent
2 minutes : good theoretical physcists know multiple theoretical representations for the same physics
3 minutes : philosophical ideas between competing theories can have enormous differences
4 minutes : for example, Mayan astronomy had calculations that were very accurate, when a philosophical idea was thought of, that would calculate the same astronomy in a completely different way
5 minutes : when a new idea cannot yet calculate answers, established theory may discourage the new idea from being discussed
Return to top