Gravity and chiral objects*

Chirality is when an object

Has a left-handed form

That is spatially different to its right-handed form, such as our left and right hands

We shake hands with our right hands

Although the handshake would work just as well if we were to use our left hands, for these two handshakes are equivalent to each other

However, a handshake where one person uses their left hand and the other uses their right hand, is a different handshake, and it is not equivalent to the other two handshakes

If the mechanism of electric charge were to be chiral in nature

Then the above suggests that the electric charge attractive force

Might not equal the electric charge repulsive force

A group of chiral electrical particles that are overall electrically neutral

Might have an overall attraction towards each other

Or might have an overall repulsion away from each other

Another example of chirality is the helix shape

A left-handed helix

Is spatially different

To a right-handed helix

The Simple Universe model

Describes all the subatomic particles

As particles that have an underlying helix structure

In the Simple Universe model

The left and right forms of the torus shaped particles of matter

Gives the particles of matter the quality of positive and negative electric charge

The behaviour of attraction and repulsion

Comes from the left and right forms of the torus shaped particles of matter

Interacting with the left and right forms of the model's helix shaped electric field particles

In the Simple Universe model

A positive electric field particle interacts with a negative particle of matter a little bit stronger

Than when the positive electric field particle interacts with a positive particle of matter

And

A negative electric field particle interacts with a positive particle of matter a little bit stronger

Than when the negative electric field particle interacts with a negative particle of matter

With the 'neutral' particle

Its outer torus is slightly larger than its inner torus

Giving the 'neutral' particle a small interaction with electric field particles, in the same manner as above

In the model

There is a small attractive force between atoms

That is similar to gravity

In the Simple Universe model

The proton contains one left 'neutral' particle and one right 'neutral' particle

In addition to the proton's internally enclosed positron

This gives the proton

More mass than the electron, but without giving the proton extra naked electric charge

Causing the model's gravity and electric force to appear to be different forces, even though gravity in the model is a consequence of the electric force

Electric fields appear to be different from a gravitational field

In that it is possible to shield from an electric field

But it is not possible to shield from a gravitational field

An example of an electric field shield

Is the Faraday cage

Although perhaps, the description of the cage as a shield is misleading, for electric fields are not absent from inside the cage, but rather the positive and negative fields inside the cage are equal to each other

That is similar to how

The attractive and repulsive electric interactions between all the individual subatomic particles that make up the earth

Cancel each other out

Except that in the model

The attraction and repulsion interactions don't quite cancel each other out

The slightly stronger electric field attraction leads to the small overall attraction that is gravity

In the Simple Universe model

Gravity is a consequence of the difference in strengths

Between the attractive and repulsive interactions of the electric force

In the model

Gravity is a small force

Because the difference in strengths between the attractive and repulsive interactions of the electric force, is small

Explaining gravity in this way

Means that there is no antigravity in the model

Nor is there any difference between the behaviour of antiparticle and ordinary particle in a gravitational field

In the model

Gravity affects all the particles of matter in the same way

That is, gravity pulls together the particles that have mass - i.e. the torus shaped particles that are the electron, positron, left-handed 'neutral' particle, right-handed 'neutral' particle

Large dense objects can perhaps exist in the model

Such as a neutron star, or a quaser (quasers perhaps emitting light, as a suggestion, by crushing matter at their cores into light)

But in the model, matter cannot form an object such as a black hole, where by definition, light does not escape

In the Simple Universe model

Light is directed around objects that have mass

Light is not directed into objects

And objects that have mass

Have no affect at all

On the path of neutrinos

In the Simple Universe model, there are two types of electric field particles

Short electric field particles from the electron, and the positron that is inside a proton

And long electric field particles from the 'neutral' particle that is inside a proton

Light and neutrinos also produce electric field particles, but for simplicity

Those electric field particles are not included in this discussion

(As a note, the electric field particles from light and neutrinos, also contribute towards a gravitational field)

In the model

Light and neutrinos are helix shaped particles

And helix shaped particles interact with electric field particles in a different way to that of the torus shaped particles of matter

Having two lengths of electric field particles makes no difference for their interactions with the particles of matter

But for light

It gives light a different behaviour in the two types of electric fields

The short electric field particles

Do not change

The path of light

But the long electric field particles

Do change the path of light

The long electric field particles wrap around a particle of light, causing the particle of light to arc along its body and change direction

And neutrinos

Are not affected at all by electric field particles

Neither long or short

In the Simple Universe model

The positive and negative, long electric field particles that radiate out from the 'neutral' particles that are in the nucleus of an atom

Direct light onto a tangential path around the nucleus of the atom

And the same consequence is true in the model, for light when near objects

Light is directed around objects, not into objects

Light and neutrinos are not affected by the consequences that, in the model, lead to gravity for the particles of matter

For example, as a suggestion, in the model

Reflection, refraction and diffraction of light

Are caused by light interacting with the long electric field particles at the surface of an object

As a suggestion

It is the long electric field particles that direct light around a massive object

Such as the bending of starlight around the sun, as observed during a solar eclipse

As a suggestion

The long electric field particles can direct light around a massive object, such as a galaxy

When light from a galaxy passes near to another galaxy or cluster of galaxies, then the light from the galaxy can perhaps, be bent around the galaxy or cluster of galaxies

If this effect were to occur in the model

Then it would be similar to the effect

Referred to as gravitational lensing

In the Simple Universe model, light is directed around the nucleus of an atom

The positive and negative, long electric field particles that radiate out from the 'neutral' particles that are in the nucleus of an atom

Direct light onto a tangential path around the nucleus of the atom

A galaxy that has most of its mass at its center

Will also have positive and negative, long electric field particles radiating out from the center of the galaxy

In much the same way that the positive and negative, long electric field particles radiate out from the center of an atom

In the model, the particles of matter that are in the stars that are in a galaxy

All have particles of light attached to the particles of matter

Pushing the particles of matter along

As a suggestion

The positive and negative, long electric field particles radiating out from a galactic center, interact with those particles of light that are attached to the particles of matter in the stars

And like the light attached to electrons when orbiting an atom, those attached particles of light will tend to be directed onto a tangential path around the galaxy

It could be, that calculating the orbital speeds of the outer stars in a galaxy

Might be more complex

Than using an equation for gravity acting on particles of matter

For example, in the model

Electrons in the outer atomic orbitals of an atom

Move faster than electrons in the inner atomic orbitals of an atom

Could it be, that in the model

The positive and negative, long electric field particles that radiate out from the center of a galaxy

Cause the outer stars in a galaxy to orbit faster than expected for their distance from the galactic center

Could it be

That the long electric field particles have a greater interaction with particles of matter that are moving faster and are therefore pushed along by a larger particle of light

Than with particles of matter that are moving slower and therefore pushed along by a smaller particle of light

Amongst other things

Scientific method requires

Observation, scepticism, and clarity of thought

In general

Physics theories are validated by comparing what is calculated using the mathematics of the theory

To what is experimentally observed

In general

Physics theories have a mathematical form

Such as for example, gravity and the general theory of relativity

In the Simple Universe model

The shape of a particle

Is important

The mathematical form of the Simple Universe model

Is a physics engine that models the behaviour, of a three dimensional strand shaped particle

That moves continuously at a single constant speed, against a static universal reference frame, in three dimensional space

Modern physics

Explains gravity

Using Einstein's general theory of special relativity