Atom Walk Through - a simple atom

The model's subatomic particles

Are constructed

Using an elementary strand shaped particle

In this physics model

The elementary strand shaped particle is a three dimensional particle

That moves continuously at a single constant speed, against a static universal reference frame, in three dimensional space

The elementary strand shaped particle

Has one interaction

Touch at its surface

When a strand shaped particle encounters another strand shaped particle

The two particles tend to stick together

And while in contact, they influence each other's direction of travel

With the interaction of touch at its surface

The strand shaped particle builds the model's four base particles

The neutrino, electron, positron, 'neutral' particle

The four base particles

Are then used to build

The photon, proton, neutron, and then on to the atomic nuclei and atoms

This physics model

Is based on the subatomic particles

Having a shape, a size, and a structure

In this physics model

The proton is a positron

Sandwiched between a pair of the left and right handed 'neutral' particles

And

The neutron is a proton

With an electron embedded into the side of the proton

In this physics model

Each subatomic particle has a helical handiness

That is either left-handed or right-handed

In the model

The left-handed subatomic particles

Are described as having positive electric charge

And

The right-handed subatomic particles

Are described as having negative electric charge

The 'neutral' particle

Is a left-handed torus moving inside a right-handed torus, or vice versa

The 'neutral' particle has both positive and negative electric charge

In effect

All the particles are pieces of electric charge

Including the 'neutral' particle and the neutrino

In this physics model

The constant speed of the head of the elementary strand shaped particle

Is greater than the constant speed of its tail

This causes each elementary strand shaped particle to continuously extend itself

With the head of the strand shaped particle eventually breaking free

Leaving the strand shaped particle with a new head that repeats the process

This leads to a stream of particles

That exit from the front of a helix shaped subatomic particle, or from gaps on the surface of a torus shaped subatomic particle

These particles are the electric field particles

Each electric field particle has a helix shape that has the same handiness as its parent subatomic particle

The left-handed subatomic particles have positive electric charge, and produce left-handed positive electric field particles

And the right-handed subatomic particles have negative electric charge, and produce right-handed negative electric field particles

Discussed in the matter particle size section of how the model works page, it is the escaping electric field particles from the torus shaped particles of matter - i.e. the electron, positron and 'neutral' particle

That causes the particles of matter to form to a fixed size, and therefore to a fixed amount of electric charge

Please note, the animations do not show the electric field particles exiting from the subatomic particles

In this physics model, the elementary strand shaped particle, moves continuously at a single constant speed

Which means that for a torus shaped particle of matter to move forwards

The perfectly round torus shape of the particle of matter has to distort

When a helix shaped electric field particle touches the surface of a torus shaped particle of matter

The touching surfaces are either, in some way, moving in the same direction

Or are in some way, moving in opposite directions

This causes the touched surface of the torus shaped particle of matter to either stretch out or compress up

Causing the particle of matter to deform its torus shape, altering the balance of the particle of matter's internal movement

And the particle of matter moves

The direction in which the particle of matter moves

Depends on whether the particle of matter has the same or opposite handiness

To the handiness of the electric field particle

A negative / negative interaction, or a positive / positive interaction

Causes the internal movement of the torus shaped particle, to bunch up on the side that is moving away from the source of the electric field particles

And the torus shaped particle as a whole moves away from the source of the electric field particles

A negative / positive interaction

Causes the internal movement of the torus shaped particle, to bunch up on the side that is moving towards the source of the electric field particles

And the torus shaped particle as a whole moves towards the source of the electric field particles

In this physics model

The 'neutral' particle is a left-handed torus moving inside a right-handed torus, or vice versa

This gives the 'neutral' particle both positive and negative electric charge

The positive and negative electric field particles

Emitted by the 'neutral' particle

Have a long length to their helix shape

The electric field particles

Emitted by the electron, or the positron that is inside a proton

Have a short length to their helix shape

Having two lengths of electric field particles makes no difference for their interactions with the particles of matter

But for light

It gives light a different behaviour in the two types of electric fields

The short electric field particles from an electron, or a positron that is inside a proton

Do not change

The path of light

But the long electric field particles from a 'neutral' particle

Do change the path of light

By wrapping themselves around the particle of light

When a long electric field particle wraps around the two helixes of a particle of light

One side of the particle of light is stretched, and the other side of the light is compressed

Causing the particle of light to arc along its body and change direction

When a long electric field particle

Is at right angles to a particle of light

The long electric field particle is not able to alter the direction of the particle of light

Note, neutrinos are not affected by electric fields at all

When a long electric field particle wraps around a neutrino, either all sides of the single helix neutrino are compressed, or all sides of the single helix neutrino are stretched

This leaves the direction of the neutrino unaltered by the electric field particle

In this physics model

Everything is constructed from the elementary strand shaped particle

A particle that moves continuously at a single constant speed, against a static universal reference frame, in three dimensional space

The particles of matter

Are constructed as torus shaped particles

The natural state of a torus shaped particle is to be stationary with respect to the model's static universal reference frame

With the strand shaped particles in a particle of matter, moving continuously at a single constant speed

For a torus shaped particle of matter to move forwards

The internal strand shaped particles of the particle of matter, have to bunch up on one side or other, distorting the particle's perfectly round torus shape

The strand shaped particles inside a particle of matter

Stick together and continuously pull a distorted particle of matter back into its perfectly round torus shape

This gives a particle of matter a persistent resistance to being moved, with respect to the model's static universal reference frame

In this physics model

The particles of matter have the quality of persistent inertia, they have the quality of inertial mass

But the particles of matter do not have the quality of momentum

The neutrino and particle of light are constructed as helix shaped particles

The continuous constant speed of the strand shaped particle gives the neutrino and particle of light a persistent forward movement

In the model, the neutrino and particle of light have the quality of persistent momentum

For a particle of matter in the model to gain persistent momentum

The particle of matter has to be pushed along

By an attached particle of light

Discussed in the matter particle size section of how the model works page, it is the escaping electric field particles from the torus shaped particles of matter - i.e. the electron, positron and 'neutral' particle

That causes the particles of matter to form to a fixed size, and therefore to a fixed mass

Please note, the animations do not show the electric field particles exiting from the subatomic particles

In this physics model

The atom consists of a positively charged atomic nucleus

Surrounded by negatively charged orbiting electrons

In this physics model

An electron orbiting the nucleus of an atom

Is pushed around the nucleus, by a particle of light that is attached to the orbiting electron

The positive and negative 'neutral' particle electric field particles, which are emitted by the 'neutral' particles that are in the protons and neutrons of the nucleus

Are long in length, and are able to wrap around the particle of light that is attached to an orbiting electron

And change the direction of the attached particle of light

The electric field particles emitted by an electron, or the positron that is inside a proton

Are short in length, and are not able to wrap around a particle of light

And are not able to change the direction of a particle of light

In the model

The electric field particles escaping from the outer torus of a 'neutral' particle

Are unable to escape as helix shaped particles

A 'neutral' particle

Produces only a positive electric field, or only a negative electric field

Depending on whether the inner torus of the 'neutral' particle, is a left-handed torus, or a right-handed torus

Based on the actual mass difference between an electron and a proton, and the way in which a 'neutral' particle in the model produces its electric field

As a suggestion, the electric field from a single 'neutral' particle

Is in the order of 450 times more intense, than the electric field from an electron

The positive and negative 'neutral' particle electric fields

Dominate the behaviour of the particle of light

That is attached to the orbiting electron

When the orbiting electron and its attached particle of light are moving towards the nucleus, or are moving away from the nucleus

The positive and negative 'neutral' particle electric fields

Change the direction of the particle of light that is pushing the orbiting electron along, into a different direction to the direction that the particle of light is currently on

But the positive and negative 'neutral' particle electric fields

Are not able to change the direction of the attached particle of light

When the particle of light is moving at right angles to the electric field particles

This leads to the particle of light

That is attached to the orbiting electron

Being directed onto a tangential path around the nucleus

The orbiting electron becomes directed into a potential well

That sits at a distance from the nucleus

With the inner repulsive part of the potential well, rapidly increasing when the electron nears the nucleus

The orbiting electron does not radiate its attached particle of light

Because it is the attached particle of light itself

That is being directed around the nucleus

The above is perhaps, an example

Of an atom

That exists as a system of particles